Which term defines a chemical agent that kills or inactivates microorganisms?

The term that defines a chemical agent that kills or inactivates microorganisms is "disinfectant." Disinfectants are specifically formulated to eliminate a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on inanimate surfaces. They work by either destroying the cellular structure of microorganisms or disrupting their metabolic processes, thereby rendering them inactive and preventing the spread of infection.

In contrast, other terms listed have different specific functions. Insecticides target and kill insects, while fungicides are designed to eliminate or inhibit the growth of fungi. Antiseptics are used to reduce or prevent infection in living tissues but are not typically applied to surfaces like disinfectants. Understanding the distinctions among these terms is important in selecting the appropriate agent for the intended application in pest management and sanitation practices.