What term is used to refer to water bodies like rivers, lakes, and ponds?

The term “surface water” specifically refers to water that collects on the Earth's surface, such as in rivers, lakes, and ponds. This is distinct from other forms of water, such as groundwater, which resides beneath the surface in soil and rock formations. Surface water is vital for ecosystems, human consumption, agriculture, and recreational activities. Understanding this term is crucial in fields related to environmental science, hydrology, and water management, as it highlights the importance of these visible water bodies in the natural landscape.

Groundwater refers to the water that is found underground in soil pore spaces and fractures of rock formations, primarily accessed through wells. Aquifers are geological formations that can store and transmit groundwater, making them a source of water for wells and springs. Brackish water is a mixture of fresh and saltwater, often found in estuaries and coastal areas, but does not apply to the general classification of bodies of water like lakes and ponds. Thus, the emphasis on "surface water" accurately encompasses the familiar water bodies that are observed in natural settings and has significant implications for environmental studies.